The Dedication of St. Michael the Archangel

The feast of the Dedication of St. Michael the Archangel is a Double of the First Class and has been celebrated since the sixth century. The feast originated as the dedication festival of a church in the Circus at Rome that Boniface II dedicated to St. Michael. The liturgical colour of the feast is white. The feast became a Double of the First Class in 1917. The Office is proper. As today is after the 24th of September a rubric in the Breviary prescribes that at Mattins today the Incipit of the book of Esther (from the V Sunday of September that will not be celebrated this year) is read. However, as the first nocturn lessons for St. Michael are proper the Incipit of Esther is transferred to tomorrow, Friday 30th. The Ordo has a typo and does not indicate this, mea culpa!

At Vespers yesterday afternoon the antiphons Stetit angelus etc were sung with psalms 109, 110, 111, 112 & 116. The Office hymn was Te, splendor et virtus Patris. There were no commemorations. At Compline the Sunday psalms were sung.

At Mattins the invitatory is Regem Archangelum Dominium, Venite adoremus and the hymn is, again, Te, splendor. In the first nocturn the antiphons Concussum est mare etc are sung with psalms 8, 10 & 14. The lessons are from the prophet Daniel. In the second nocturn the antiphons Michael Archangele etc are sung with psalms 18, 23 & 33. The lessons in the second nocturn are taken from a homily of St. Gregory the Great. In the third nocturn the antiphons Angelus Archangelus Michael etc are sung with psalms 95, 96 & 102. The lessons are a homily of St. Jerome on St. Matthew's Gospel. The Te Deum is sung. At Lauds the antiphons Stetit angelus etc are sung again, this time with the Sunday psalms (Pss. 92, 99, 62, Benedicite & 148). The hymn is Christe, sanctorum decus Angelorum.

At the Hours the antiphons Stetit Angelus etc are sung with the festal psalms. At Prime (Pss. 53, 118i & 118ii) the lectio brevis is Factum est praelium.

Mass is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, there is one collect. The Creed is sung as is the common preface.

At Vespers all is at first Vespers except Ps. 137 is sung in place of Ps.116, the versicle and response and antiphon on the Magnificat are proper to second Vespers. A commemoration is sung of the following feast of St. Jerome. At Compline the Sunday psalms are sung.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' the feast becomes 'first class'. At the Hours the antiphons are doubled. At Prime the lectio brevis is of the season. At second Vespers there are no commemorations.

Icon: St. Michael in a Icon from Archangel Cathedral, the Kremlin, from Wikipedia.

XV Sunday after Pentecost

The fifteenth Sunday after Pentecost is of semi-double rite and its liturgical colour is green. This year it is the fourth Sunday of September. The Gospel pericopes sung at Mattins and Mass are from the seventh chapter of St. Luke's Gospel recount the raising by the LORD from the dead of the son of the widow of Nain.

At Mattins there are the usual three nocturns. The invitatory and hymn are as sung on previous 'green' Sundays. In the first nocturn the lessons are the Incipit of the book of Judith. In the second nocturn the lessons are from St. Ambrose on Elias and fasting. In the third nocturn the lessons are a homily from St. Augustine on St. Lukes's Gospel. At Lauds, after the collect of the Sunday, the Suffrage of the Saints is sung.

At Prime (Pss. 117, 118i & 118ii) Quicumque is sung as are the Dominical preces.

Mass is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is A cunctis, the third collect is chosen by the Dean or Rector. The Creed is sung and the preface is of the Holy Trinity.

Vespers are of the Sunday. After the collect of the Sunday a commemoration is sung of the following feast of SS Cyprian and Justina followd by the Suffrage of the Saints. At Compline the Dominical preces are sung.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' Mattins is cut down to one nocturn of three lessons. At Lauds the Suffrage is not sung. At Prime both Quicumque and the preces are always omitted on 'green' Sundays. At Mass there is only one collect. At Vespers there are no commemorations or Suffrage. At Compline no preces.

Our Lady of Ransom - Ember Saturday

The feast of Our Lady of Ransom is of greater double rite and its liturgical colour is white. Today is also Ember Saturday in September. The Ember Day is commemorated at Mattins, Lauds and Mass.

At Mattins the lessons in the first nocturn are taken from the Common along with their responsories. In the second nocturn the lessons are proper to the feast. In the third nocturn the homily is from St. Bede on St. Luke's Gospel. The ninth lesson is the homily from the Ember Saturday which is taken the writings of St. Gregory. At Lauds a commemoration of the Ember Saturday is sung after the collect of the feast.

At the Hours the hymns are sung with the Doxology and proper melody of the Incarnation. At Prime in the short responsory Qui natus es de Maria Virgine is sung and the lectio brevis is In plateis.

Mass, of the feast, is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is of the Ember Saturday (the first collect after the Kyrie and invitation to pray - Omnipotens...), the Creed is sung, the preface is of the BVM and the last Gospel that of the Ember Saturday.

Private Masses may be of the Ember Saturday with a commemoration and last Gospel of the feast. In Cathedral and Collegiate Churches Mass of the feast is celebrated after Terce without any commemoration of the Ember Saturday. After None the Mass of the Ember Saturday is celebrated in violet vestments with the deacon and subdeacon wearing folded chasubles rather than dalmatic and tunicle. The Mass has the usual, ancient form, for Ember Saturdays. After the Kyrie there are a series of structural units comprising of the invitation Oremus, followed by Flectamus genua, Levate, a collect, O.T. reading and gradual. The first and second OT readings are from the Book of Leviticus. The third lesson is from Micheas the Prophet, the fourth from the Prophet Zachararias. The fifth is from the Prophet Daniel describing the LORD protecting Azarias and his two companions in the Babylonian fiery furnace. After the reading from Daniel instead of a gradual the hymn of the Three Men in fiery furnace is sung, Beneditus es, Domine, Deus patrum nostrorum and its collect Deus, qui tribus pueris. The additional collects are A cunctis and a collect chosen by the Dean. A Tract is sung between the Epistle and Gospel. Mass then continues as usual (with of course kneeling for the orations and from the Canon through to the Fraction as usual on penitential days) with Benedicamus Domino as the dismissal.

When orders are conferred the Tonsure is given after the Kyrie. After the first OT lesson Door-keepers are ordained; after the second, Readers; after the third, the Exorcists; after the fourth, the Acolytes; after the fifth, the Subdeacons; after the Epistle, the Deacons, and before the last verse of the Tract, the priests.

In the afternoon Vespers of Sunday are sung. The hymn, Jam sol recedit igneus, is sung with the Doxology and tone of the Incarnation. The antiphon on the Magnificat is Adonai, Domine of the Saturday before the fourth Sunday of September. After the collect of the Sunday a commemoration is sung of the preceding Office of Our Lady of Ransom. The Suffrage is not sung because of the double feast and the Dominical preces are omitted at Compline.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' the feast of Our Lady of Ransom has been slashed down from a feast of nine lessons to a mere commemoration in the ferial Office. In the Office of the Ember Saturday the ferial preces are sung at Lauds (but not at the Little Hours). A commemoration is sung of Our Lady of Ransom after the collect of the Ember Saturday. At the Hours the hymns do not have the Doxology or tone of the Incarnation. At Prime although the Office is ferial the chapter is Regi saeculorum. Mass of the Ember Saturday is sung after Terce, the ministers wear dalmatic and tunicle. A commemoration of the BVM is made only in said Masses. A cut down mini-version of the Ember Saturday Mass may be celebrated with one OT reading, epistle and Gospel. At Vespers no commemoration is sung.

St. Linus - Ember Friday

Today the feast of St. Linus. The feast is of semi-double rite and its liturgical colour is red. Today is also the Ember Friday in September.

At Mattins the lessons in the first nocturn are A mileto from the Common with the responsories also taken from the same. In the second nocturn the fourth lesson is hagiographical and the fifth and sixth lessons are are taken from an Exposition on Psalm 118 by St. Ambrose. In the third nocturn the homily is from St. Gregory the Great on St. Luke's Gospel. The ninth lesson is of the Ember Friday and is also a homily from St. Gregory. (Its three lessons may be read as one but the first suffices). The Te Deum is sung. At Lauds, after the collect of the feast, commemorations are sung of the Ember Friday and St. Thecla followed by the Suffrage.

At Prime the Dominical preces are sung (whilst standing) and the lectio brevis is Justus cor suum etc.

Mass is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is of the Ember Friday, the third collect of St. Thecla. The last Gospel is that of the Ember Friday. Private Masses may be of the Ember Friday (the Ember Friday Masses do not have additional OT lessons unlike those of Wednesday and Saturday). The Mass is proper and celebrated in violet vestments, the ministers wearing folded chasubles. The feasts of St. Linus and St. Thecla are commemorated, Benedicamus Domino is sung as the dismissal.

In Cathedral and Collegiate Churches two Masses are celebrated. The Mass of the feast takes place after Terce with the second collect of St. Thecla and the third collect A cunctis. The last Gospel is In principio. The Mass of the Ember Friday, with the ministers wearing folded chasubles, is sung after None with the second collect A cunctis the third at the choice of the Dean and Benedicamus Domino as the dismissal.

Vespers are first Vespers of the feast of Our Lady of Ransom. The antiphons and psalms are from the Common of the BVM. After the collect of the feast a commemoration is sung of St. Linus. At Compline the Dominical psalms are sung and Te lucis is sung with the Doxology Jesu tibi sit gloria and its melody.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' the Ember Friday takes precedence over the now III class feast of St. Linus. Mattins consists of one nocturn. At Lauds the second schema of psalms is sung. The ferial preces are sung (kneeling). A commemoration is sung of St. Linus. At the Hours the ferial preces are not sung. Mass of the Ember Friday is sung after Terce, the ministers wearing violet dalmatic and tunicle. (In said Masses a commemoration is made of St. Linus). The dismissal is Ite, missa est. Vespers are of the Ember Day (a novelty introduced into the 1961 Breviary as the Office of an Ember Day traditionally ran from Mattins to None) the ferial preces are sung (kneeling). There are no commemorations.

St. Matthew the Apostle and Evangelist - Ember Wednesday

The feast of Saint Matthew the Apostle and Evangelist is a Double of the Second class and the liturgical colour of the feast is red. This year the feast falls on the Ember Wednesday in September. Yesterday the feast was preceded by a Vigil which was commemorated in the Office of SS Eustace and Companions with the ninth lesson of the Vigil at Mattins and commemoration of the Vigil at Lauds and Mass, and with last Gospel of the Vigil at the end of Mass. Private Masses were allowed of the Vigil with a commemoration of SS Eustace and Companions and in Cathedral and Collegiate Churches two Masses were celebrated: the first of SS Eustace and Companions after Terce, and that of the Vigil after None.

Celebration of the feast of St. Matthew began with first Vespers yesterday afternoon. The antiphons from the Common of Apostles, Hoc est praeceptum meum etc., were sung with Pss. 109, 110, 111, 112 and 116. After the collect of the feast a commemoration of the preceding Office was sung. At Compline the Dominical psalms were sung.

At Mattins in the first nocturn the antiphons In omnem terram etc are sung with psalms 18, 33 & 44, all taken from the Common of Apostles, with the lessons and responsories also from the Common. In the second nocturn the antiphons Principes populorum etc are sung with psalms 46, 60 & 63. The lessons are proper to the feast. In the third nocturn the antiphons Exaltabuntur etc are sung with psalms 74, 96 & 98. The homily on St. Matthew's Gospel is from St. Jerome's Commentary on the same and is proper to the feast. The ninth lesson is of the Ember Wednesday and is a homily from St. Bede. The Te Deum is sung. At Lauds the antiphons Hoc est praeceptum meum etc are sung with the Sunday psalms. After the collect of the feast a commemoration of the Ember Wednesday is sung.

At the Little Hours the antiphons Hoc est praeceptum meum etc are sung with the festal psalms (at Prime 53, 118i & 118ii). At Prime the lectio brevis is Ibant Apostoli.

Mass is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is of the Ember Wednesday. The collect used to commemorate the Ember Wednesday is the first collect that would have been sung after the Kyrie in the proper Mass, Misericordiae. (In the Missale Romanum the propers for the September Ember Days are found after those for the XVII Sunday after Pentecost). The Creed is sung, the preface is that of the Apostles and the last Gospel that of the Ember Wednesday.

At Second Vespers the antiphons Hoc est praeceptum meum are again sung, at this hour with psalms 109, 112, 115, 125 & 138. After the collect of the feast a commemoration is sung of the following feast of St. Thomas of Villanova. At Compline the Sunday psalms are sung.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' the Vigil for the feast of St. Matthew has been abolished as have First Vespers. This year the Ember Days are celebrated in the same week in the 'Extraordinary Form' as in the old rite. At Compline on Tuesday the ferial psalms were sung. The feast retains its three nocturns at Mattins but there is no ninth lesson of the Ember Wednesday. At the Little Hours ferial psalmody is used and, at Prime the short lesson is of the season. At Mass the last Gospel is In principio. At Vespers there is a commemoration of the Ember Day (!) having the antiphon for the Benedictus being repeated at Vespers but with no commemoration of the following feast.

XIV Sunday after Pentecost

The fourteenth Sunday after Pentecost is of semi-double rite and its liturgical colour is green. This year it is the third Sunday of September, the Sunday preceding the week of the autumn Ember Days. The pericopes from St. Matthew's Gospel contain the famous passages about the 'lilies of the field' and seeking first the Kingdom of God.

At Vespers yesterday the antiphons and psalms of Saturday were sung. The antiphon on the Magnificat was Ne reminiscaris for the Saturday before the third Sunday of September. After the collect of the Sunday commemorations were sung of the preceding Office of the Impression of the Stigmata of St. Francis and of St. Joseph of Cupertino. The Suffrage of the Saints was omitted at Vespers as were the Dominical preces at Compline because of the occurring double feasts.

At Mattins there are the usual three nocturns. The invitatory and hymn are as sung on previous 'green' Sundays. In the first nocturn the lessons are the Incipit of the Book of Tobias. In the second nocturn the lessons are from a sermon on fasting of St. Leo. In the third nocturn the lessons are a homily from St. Augustine on St. Matthew's Gospel. At Lauds a commemoration is sung of St. Joseph of Cupertino. The Suffrage of the Saints is not sung because of the double feast.

At Prime (Pss. 117, 118i & 118ii) both Quicumque and the Dominical preces are omitted due to the occurring double feast.

Mass is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is of St. Joseph of Cupertion. There is no third collect. The Creed is sung and the preface is of the Holy Trinity.

As the third Sunday in September was, prior to the reform of 1911-13, the feast of the Seven Dolours of the BVM one Mass, other than the Conventual one, may be of the Seven Dolours of the BVM, celebrated in white vestments, with a commemoration and last Gospel of the Sunday etc.

Vespers are of the Sunday. After the collect of the Sunday commemorations are sung of the following feast of SS Januarius & Companions and of St. Joseph of Cupertino.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' there are no commemortions at both Vespers or at Lauds. Mattins is cut down to one nocturn of three lessons. At Prime both Quicumque and the preces are always omitted on 'green' Sundays. At Mass there is only one collect.

Art: Jerome Nadal

XIII Sunday after Pentecost

The thirteenth Sunday after Pentecost is of semi-double rite and its liturgical colour is green. This year it is the second Sunday of September. It is also the Sunday within the Octave of the Nativity of the BVM but, with an exception that will be noted below, the Octave this year does not affect the liturgy. The Gospel pericopes from St. Luke's Gospel tell of the LORD and the ten lepers, only one of which thanked Him for being healed.

At Vespers yesterday the antiphons and psalms of Saturday were sung. The antiphon on the Magnificat was In omnibus his for the Saturday before the second Sunday of September. After the collect of the Sunday commemorations were sung of the preceding Office of St. Nicholas of Tolentinum and of SS Protus and Hyacinth. The Suffrage of the Saints was omitted at Vespers as were the Dominical preces at Compline because of the occurring double feast.

At Mattins there are the usual three nocturns. The invitatory and hymn are as sung on previous 'green' Sundays. In the first nocturn the lessons continue to be read from the Book of Job. In the the second nocturn the lessons are from the Book of Morals by St. Gregory. In the third nocturn the lessons are a homily from St. Augustine on St. Luke's Gospel. At Lauds, after the collect of the Sunday, a commemorations is sung of SS Protus and Hyacinth followed by the Suffrage of the Saints.

At Prime (Pss. 117, 118i & 118ii) Quicumque is sung as are the Dominical preces.

Mass is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is of SS Protus and Hyacinth, the third collect A cunctis. The Creed is sung and the preface is of the Holy Trinity.

As today is also Sunday within the Octave of the Nativity of the BVM one Mass, but not the Conventual Mass, may be celebrated of the Holy Name of Mary. The feast of the Holy Name of Mary was formerly kept on the Sunday within the Octave of the Nativity of the BVM but following the 1911-13 reform was permanently moved to September 12th. The Mass Vultum tuum is sung in white vestments. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is of the Sunday, the third collect of SS Protus and Hyacinth. The Creed is sung, the Preface is of the BVM and the last Gospel is of the Sunday.

Vespers are of the Sunday. As tomorrow's feast of the Holy Name of Mary is commemorated Lucis creator is sung with the Doxology of the Incarnation, Jesu tibi sit gloria etc., and to that melody. After the collect of the Sunday a commemoration of the Holy Name of Mary is sung. The Suffrage is omitted as are the Dominical preces at Compline.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' the Sunday is cut down to one nocturn of three lessons. The Octave of the Nativity of the BVM has gone completely. At Vespers there are no commemorations or Suffrage. At Lauds there are no commemorations or Suffrage. At Prime both Quicumque and the preces are omitted. In Mass there is only one collect. At Vespers there are no commemorations and Lucis creator is sung to one of the Sunday melodies.

Art: Jerome Nadal

What happened to Vespers?

Whilst looking for something else I was recently struck by the number of churches in Westminster that had Vespers sung on Sundays. Of course, this is not current praxis, I was looking at a copy of the 'Catholic Directory' well over a century old dating from 1893.

Of a total of 71 churches listing the times of public services 34 had Vespers on Sunday afternoons and 35 had some form of 'Evening Service'. For the purpose of this exercise all forms of advertised afternoon or evening services other than Vespers were counted as the same be they 'RSB', Compline or whatever. So in 1893 48% of churches in the 'London' part of the Archdiocese of Westminster were singing Vespers on Sundays - quite impressive really.

Carrying out the same exercise for fifteen years later (Catholic Directory, 1908) the result is strikingly different. Applying the same criteria there are now 87 churches: of those churches 24 advertised Vespers on Sundays whilst 60 of them advertised 'Evening Service'. Many churches that had advertised Vespers in 1893 were now offering 'Evening Service' - only one new church was listing Vespers.

In fifteen years, with a growth in the number of churches, the percentage of churches singing Vespers on Sundays had fallen from 48% to 28% with a corresponding increase in the number offering 'Evening Service'. A similar pattern is apparent with the Warwickshire part of the Archdiocese of Birmingham with a respective fall from 41% to 23% of churches singing Vespers from 1893 to 1908.

Any ideas as to why Vespers was in decline? My hypothesis would be changes in demographics of parishes due to immigration.

Update: Having now looked at the 'Catholic Directory' for 1939 the figures for Westminster are even more depressing. (The Directory is no longer distinguishing between 'London', Middlesex etc., so this is not exactly comparable to the above but the trend is all too clear). Sunday Services are listed for 184 churches and places of worship. Of these 184 churches only 17 have Vespers on Sundays (and one of those, the Servites in Fulham Road, only on the first Sunday of the month). 'Evening Service' is advertised by 160 of those churches, i.e. 87% of the churches. So the percentage of Westminster churches having Vespers on Sunday has fallen from 48% (1893) to 28% (1908) and then to 9% in 1939. (According to the website of the 'Diocese' [sic] of Westminster it now has 216 or 214 parishes: of those I understand 2 have Vespers on Sundays, less than 1%).

The Nativity of the Mother of God

The Nativity of the Mother of God is a Double of the Second Class with a Simple Octave. Prior to the changes to Octaves in 1913 it had a 'normal' Octave.

The feast began with first Vespers yesterday afternoon. The antiphons Nativitas gloriosae etc were sung with the psalms from the Common of the BVM (Pss. 109, 112, 121, 126 & 147). The Office hymn was Ave, maris stella. The antiphon on the Magnificat and collect are proper to the feast. At Compline the Sunday psalms were sung andTe lucis was sung to the melody of the Incarnation with the Doxology Jesu tibi sit gloria etc.

At Mattins the invitatory is Nativitatem Virginis Mariae celebremus: * Christum ejus Filium adoremus Dominum, the hymn, from the Common, Quem terra. In the first nocturn the antiphons Benedicta tua etc are sung with psalms 8, 18 & 23. The lessons in the first nocturn are the Incipit of the Song of Songs, with much exquisite imagery, with repsonories proper to the feast. In the second nocturn the antiphons Specie tua etc are sung with psalms 44, 45 & 88. The lessons are taken from a sermon attributed to St. Augustine. Last year a learned reader commented that the sermon is actually from a sermon of (St) Fulbert of Chartres. In the third nocturn the antiphons Gaude, Maria virgo etc are sung with psalms 95, 96 & 97. St. Jerome provides the homily on St. Matthew's Gospel. The ninth lesson is of St. Hadrian, a former perecutor of Christians who became a martyr himself.

At Lauds the antiphons Nativitas gloriosae etc are again sung, this time with the psalms of Sunday Lauds (Ps. 92, 99, 62, Benedicite & 148). After the collect of the day a commemoration is sung of St. Hadrian.

At Prime the first of the antiphons used at Vespers and Lauds is sung with the festal psalms (Ps. 53, 118i & 118ii). In the short responsory the versicle Qui natus es is sung. The short lesson is In plateis. At the Hours the hymns are sung with the Doxology and tone of the Incarnation.

Mass is sung after Terce. In some countries a blessing of seeds, figs, grapes or other fruits takes place (the fruits in question depending on the climate of the place. The introit is Salve, sancta Parens, the Gloria is sung, in said Masses the second collect is of St. Hadrian, the Creed is sung and the preface is of the BVM, Et te in Nativitate.

Vespers are of the feast. At Compline the Dominical psalms are sung and Te lucis has the proper Doxology.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' the feast loses first Vespers, and on Wednesday Vespers were ferial. At Mattins there is no ninth lesson of St. Hadrian. At the Little Hours the hymns do not have the melody or Doxology of the Incarnation. At the Little Hours the ferial psalms are sung and at Prime the lectio brevis is of the season.

Icon: Russian, 18th century

XII Sunday after Pentecost

The twelfth Sunday after Pentecost is of semi-double rite and its liturgical colour is green. This year it is also the first Sunday of September. The Gospel pericope from St. Luke contains the parable of the Good Samaritan.

Vespers yesterday afternoon marked the beginning of the Autumn volume of the Breviary, Pars Autumnalis. The psalms of Saturday were sung. The antiphon on the Magnificat was Cum audisset Job for the Saturday before the first Sunday of September. The Suffrage of the Saints was sung after the collect of the Sunday and at Compline the Dominical preces were sung.

At Mattins the invitatory and hymn are as on preceding 'green' Sundays. In the first nocturn the lessons are the Incipit of the Book of Job. In the second nocturn the lessons are taken from the Book of Morals by St. Gregory the Great and in the third nocturn the homily on the Gospel is from the writings of the Venerable Bede.

At Lauds the Suffrage of the Saints is sung after the collect of the Sunday. At Prime both Quicumque and the Dominical preces are sung.

Mass is sung after Terce. The Gloria is sung, the second collect is A cunctis, the third collect is chosen by the Dean or Rector from those available. The Creed is sung and the preface is that of the Blessed Trinity.

At Vespers a commemoration of the following feast of St. Laurence Justiniani is sung after the collect of the feast followed by the Suffrage of the Saints. At Compline the Dominical preces are sung.

In the 'liturgical books of 1962' this year the first Sunday of September is also the first Sunday in September so the readings at Mattins coincide with those in the traditional rite. There is no Suffrage at Vespers nor are the preces (ever) sung at Compline. Mattins is cut down to a single nocturn of three lessons. At Lauds there is no Suffrage nor is Quicumque sung at Prime. Mass has only one collect. At Vespers there are no commemorations and no Suffrage.

Art: Jerome Nadal

The Old Mass in pictures...

Source: Google Books, Missale Romanum, Christopher Plantini, Awtwerp, 1576